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This group performs some or all of the following duties:

Specialists in clinical medicine

• Diagnose and treat diseases and physiological or psychiatric disorders
• Order laboratory tests, X-rays and other diagnostic procedures
• Prescribe medication and treatment and refer patients for surgery
• Act as consultants to other physicians
• May conduct medical research.

Specialists in laboratory medicine

• Study the nature, cause and development of diseases in humans and the structural and functional changes caused by diseases
• Conduct microscopic and chemical analyses of laboratory samples and specimens
• Supervise laboratory activities
• Act as consultants to other physicians.

Specialists in surgery

• Assess patients' diseases or disorders to determine appropriate surgical procedures
• Perform and supervise surgical procedures to correct physical abnormalities and deficiencies and repair injuries
• Act as consultants to other physicians.

• Specialist physicians

• A bachelor's degree or in Quebec, completion of a college program and one year of pre-medicine university studies is usually required.
• Graduation from an approved medical school and specific specialty training are required.
• Completion of the certifying examinations of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada and licensing by the provincial or territorial licensing authority are required.

• Specialists in clinical medicine

• Four to five years of specialty residency training are required.
• Two years of subspecialty training may also be required.

• Specialists in laboratory medicine

• Four to five years of specialty residency training are required.

• Specialists in surgery

• Five to six years of specialty residency training are required.
• Two years of subspecialty training may also be required.

• Progression to management positions, such as director of laboratory medicine or chief of surgery, is possible with experience.

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